Depression
Depression in older adults may occur alone or in conjunction with a dementia. It is one of the most common mental health issues faced by senior citizens. Depression is usually diagnosed when several depressive symptoms (e.g. loss of appetite, change in sleep patterns, or loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities) occur on most days over a period of at least 2 weeks. Sometimes depression in older adults is difficult to diagnose because the person may not appear to be depressed. Depression in older adults should be assessed carefully to ensure that there are no reversible causes. Depression is often associated with the multiple losses that may occur with aging (e.g. loss of spouse, home, independence). Screening for suicide risk is very important when a person is at high risk for developing the condition. Treatment for depression depends on the severity of the disease, but may include psychotherapy, psychosocial support and medications. Treatment for depression may have to continue for at least 1 to 2 years to reduce the chance of a relapse.
More information is available from the RNAO Best Practice Guidelines or the Canadian Coalition for Seniors Mental Health.